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1.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 2022 Jan; 59(1): 86-90
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-216855

ABSTRACT

The recently described Triatoma huehuetenanguensis, has been reported in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. In Mexico, the species has been collected primarily in rural areas; it has the potential to colonize human dwellings, however, its contribution to Chagas outbreaks remains unclear. In 2021, T. huehuetenanguensis was first observed at Tuxtla Gutierrez city, Chiapas; then a collection for the species was performed. A total of 308 houses were inspected in the intra and peridomestic structures. Only 3 houses (0.97%) were infested. Triatoma huehuetenangensis was the only triatomine specie recorded and four males were collected. None of the bugs tested positive for Trypanosoma infection. We do not have evidence to suggest that urban human-vector contact still limited, and a possible domestication process is possible. The presence of reservoirs, the vector species and the parasite demonstrate that Tuxtla Gutierrez could be at risk of a Chagas disease outbreak.

2.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 18(2): e190085, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1135381

ABSTRACT

Short-tailed pipe fish (Microphis brachyurus) is a freshwater organism with high economic potential for the aquarium hobby, so it is necessary to implement methods to promote its culture through studies of digestive physiology. General activities of acid and alkaline proteases were evaluated, as well as the effect of pH, temperature and inhibitors. The optimal pH of stomach proteases was 2, while the optimal pH of intestinal proteases was 10. Optimal temperature for the acidic proteases was 35 ºC, while for alkaline proteases it was 45 ºC. Thermal stability showed high resistance at 35 ºC for both acid and alkaline proteases (above 100% residual activity). Acid proteases are resistant at pH 2 (50% of residual activity), meanwhile alkaline proteases were highly resistant at pH 10 (90% of residual activity). Acid proteases were inhibited by 80% with pepstatin A and alkaline proteases were inhibited with TLCK and TPCK for trypsin (75%) and chymotrypsin (80%), respectively. Finally, metallo-proteases were 75% partially inhibited some serine proteases by 75% with EDTA. In conclusion, M. brachyurus has a good digestive capacity, since they can degrade a wide variety of proteins due to their greater proteolytic activity.(AU)


El pez pipa (Microphis brachyurus) es un organismo dulceacuícola con alto potencial económico para la acuarofilia; sin embargo, es necesario implementar su cultivo a través de estudios de fisiología digestiva. Se evaluó el efecto del pH, temperatura e inhibidores sobre las actividades enzimáticas de proteasas ácidas y alcalinas. El pH óptimo de proteasas estomacales es de 2, mientras que el de proteases intestinales es de 10. La temperatura óptima de proteasas ácidas es de 35 ºC y las alcalinas de 45 ºC. La estabilidad térmica para proteasas ácidas y alcalinas es a los 35 ºC (más de 100% de actividad residual). La estabilidad a los diferentes pH de las proteasas ácidas es en 2 (50 % de la actividad residual), mientras que para las proteasas alcalinas es en 10 (90 % de la actividad residual). Las proteasas ácidas fueron inhibidas en 80% con pepstatina A y las proteasas alcalinas fueron altamente inhibidas con TLCK para tripsina (75%) y TPCK quimitripsina (80%). Finalmente, las metaloproteasas fueron inactivadas con EDTA en 70%. En conclusión, M. brachyurus tiene una buena capacidad digestiva al degradar una amplia variedad de proteinas debido a su alta actividad proteolítica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Smegmamorpha/anatomy & histology , Smegmamorpha/physiology , Digestive System Physiological Phenomena , Protease Inhibitors , Temperature
3.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 22(2): e1183, Jul-Dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094803

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Amaranth flour is of high nutritional value, which makes it a potential food. Grinding of the grains is a necessary operation to obtain products with physical properties that provide the food products with adequate characteristics. To analyze the effect of grinding velocity and time on the particle diameters and physical properties of Amaranth flour by ball mill, a Doehlert design with triplicate at the central point was used. The tests were carried out with the mass ratio (balls/samples) (R1:5). Granulometry curve of each design system was fitted to the Rosin-Ramler-Bennet and Holmes-Hukki equations. A found a very significant effect of the velocity on the particle diameters (D50, D63 and D80). The flour obtained were modeled satisfactorily (r2>0.99) by using the Rosin-Ramler-Bennet equation, where the homogeneity index of (n1) was obtained, which was directly influenced by the milling energy. By using the Holmes-Hukki model, were able to model the characteristic diameters with the grinding energy; a critical region was observed between 100μm and 200μm, where lost efficiency in the size reduction. The excess energy, released in the critical region, caused the decrease in starch crystallinity and structural changes in the protein, which affect the functional properties of the flour. The planetary mill is emerging as an effective mean of modifying the functional properties in the development of new food products.


RESUMEN La harina de amaranto es de alto valor nutricional, convirtiéndola en un alimento potencial. La molienda de los granos es una operación necesaria, para brindarle a los productos alimenticios unas adecuadas propiedades físicas. Para analizar el efecto de la velocidad y el tiempo de molienda sobre el diámetro de particular y las propiedades físicas de la harina obtenida por molienda de bolas, se usó un diseño experimental Doehlert, con réplica en el punto central. En las pruebas de molinería se tuvo en cuenta la relación masa de bolas/masa de muestra (R1:5). Las curvas de granulometría de cada punto del diseño experimental fueron modeladas por las ecuaciones de Rosin-Ramler-Bennet y Holmes-Hukki. Se encontró un efecto muy significativo de la velocidad de molienda sobre los diámetros característicos (D50, D63 y D80). El modelo de Rosin-Ramler-Bennet ajustó satisfactoriamente (r2>0.99), además, se obtuvo el índice de homogeneidad (n1), el cual, fue afectado directamente por la energía de molienda. El uso del modelo de Holmes-Hukki permitió relacionar el diámetro de partícula con la energía de molienda y se logró observar una región crítica entre 100μm y 200μm, donde hay una reducción en la eficiencia de la reducción de tamaño de partícula. El exceso de energía liberada en la región crítica causó el descenso en la cristalinidad del almidón y provocó cambios en la estructura de las proteínas, lo cual, modificó las propiedades físicas de la harina. El Molino planetario es una técnica emergente y efectiva para modificar las propiedades funcionales en el desarrollo de nuevo productos alimenticios.

4.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 16(4)out. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-964154

ABSTRACT

Digestive proteases were partially characterized in sheepshead juveniles, using biochemical and electrophoretic techniques. Results showed higher activity level of the stomach proteases (2.39 ± 0.02 U mg protein-1) compared to the intestinal proteases (1.6 ± 0.1 U mg protein-1). The activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase A was also recorded. The optimum temperature of the stomach proteases was recorded at 45 °C, while for intestinal proteases was recorded at 55 °C. Stomach proteases showed less stability to temperature changes than intestinal proteases. An optimum pH of 2 was recorded for stomach proteases with high stability under acidic conditions, while an optimum pH of 9 was recorded for intestinal proteases showing high stability under alkaline conditions. Stomach proteases were inhibited around 78% with Pepstatin A, indicating the presence of pepsin as the main protease. The stomach proteases zymogam revealed one active band with Rf of 0.49, this enzyme was completely inhibited by Pepstatin A. The intestinal proteases zymogram revealed four active proteases (51.3, 34.9, 27.8 and 21.2 kDa) that were inhibited by TLCK, which mainly represent a trypsin-like serine proteases. It can be conclude that digestion in sheepshead can be considered as a carnivorous species with an omnivorous tendency.(AU)


Se caracterizaron parcialmente las proteasas digestivas de juveniles del sargo, utilizando técnicas bioquímicas y electroforéticas. Los resultados muestran mayores niveles de actividad en las proteasas estomacales (2.39 ± 0.02 U mg proteina-1) comparados con los de las proteasas intestinales (1.6 ± 0.1 U mg protein-1), también se registró la actividad de tripsina, quimotripsina, leucina aminopeptidasa y carboxipeptidasa A. La temperatura óptima de las proteasas estomacales fue de 45 °C, mientras que la de las proteasas intestinales fue de 55 °C. El pH óptimo fue de 2 para las proteasas estomacales con alta estabilidad a condiciones ácidas, mientras que el pH óptimo para las proteasas intestinales fue de 9, mostrando una alta estabilidad en condiciones alcalinas. Las actividades de las proteasas estomacales fue inhibida en un 78% con Pepstatina A, lo que indica la presencia de pepsina, como principal proteasa. El zimograma de proteasas estomacales reveló una sola banda con actividad proteasa, con Rf de 0.49, completamente inhibida por Pepstatina A. El zimograma de proteasas intestinales reveló cuatro bandas (51.3, 34.9, 27.8 y 21.2 kDa). Todas las bandas se inhibieron con TLCK, lo que muestra la presencia principalmente de serina proteasas tipo tripsina. Se concluye que la digestión del sargo puede ser considerada como la de una especie carnívora con tendencia al omnivorismo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Peptide Hydrolases/classification , Perciformes/classification , Aquaculture , Enzyme Precursors/classification
5.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 39(2): 102-107, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-898911

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Safety in Transfusion Medicine is subject to regulations and government legislation within a total quality framework. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of seroprevalence and indeterminate results on lost units and cost per donation. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in the Blood Bank and Transfusion Therapy Department of the Hospital Central de la Policia Nacional del Perú in Lima, Peru. All completed donations (replacement/voluntary) without complications were included in this study. Every donation met the institutional requirements and quality criteria of Programa Nacional de Hemoterapia y Bancos de Sangre (PRONAHEBAS). Data analysis was achieved using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: A total of 7723 donations were evaluated during 2014 and 2015 with 493 being seropositive (overall prevalence 5.25%) and 502 having indeterminate results (overall prevalence 5.35%). Thus total loss was 995 units, 437.8 L of blood and 49,750 US dollars. The most common seropositive infectious markers were the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (2.82%) and syphilis (1.02%), and the most common indeterminate results were Chagas disease (1.27%) and the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (1.26%). There was no significant change in the prevalence of seropositivity (p-value = 0.243) or indeterminate results (p-value = 0.227) over the two-year period of the study. A statistical correlation was found between the cost per lost donation and the most prevalent markers (rho = 0.848; p-value = <0.001). Conclusion: Seroprevalence was lower than the regional mean, but the prevalence of indeterminate results was elevated causing a great impact on blood supply and economic losses to this institution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Banks , Blood Donors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Blood Safety
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 58(2): 655-662, jun. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638031

ABSTRACT

In Mexico, the biology of Procambarus has been more studied than the biology of other Cambarids because of its diversity and potential use in aquaculture. We determined the karyotype of the Mexican tropical freshwater crayfish Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi from 189 metaphase spreads from gill tissues of 17 adults. They had 98-120 chromosomes (mode 2n=120 chromosomes). There are 60 pairs of monoarm, telocentric chromosomes. Sex chromosomes were not detected and we propose that the P. llamasi karyotype can be used to distinguish this species from other Mexican crayfish. Additionally, we suggest using karyological data in aquaculture and conservation biology. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2): 655-662. Epub 2010 June 02.


El género Procambarus ha recibido mayor atención en los estudios de los principios fundamentales de su biología debido a su diversidad en el territorio mexicano y potencial uso en acuicultura. El cariotipo típico del acocil tropical mexicano Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi, se estudió mediante 189 dispersiones cromosómicas en metafase del tejido branquial de 17 adultos tratados con la técnica citológica de inmersión. Encontramos un amplio número de cromosomas, que variaron entre 98-120 elementos cromosómicos, con número modal diploide de 2n=120 elementos cromosómicos. El cariotipo del acocil tropical esta constituido por 60 pares de cromosomas monorrámeos, todos los centrómero están en la región telocéntrica de los cromosomas. En las metafases mitóticas de hembras y machos no fueron identificados cromosomas sexuales. Sugerimos considerar la estructura cromosómica del cariotipo como una herramienta citotaxonómica así como el empleo de datos cariológicos para propósitos de acuicultura y conservación del acocil tropical.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Astacoidea/genetics , Karyotyping , Fresh Water , Mexico
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(6): 651-654, nov.-dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633699

ABSTRACT

Un individuo con un fenotipo eritrocitario raro carece de uno o varios antígenos presentes en la mayor parte de la población de pertenencia. Cuando presenta el anticuerpo correspondiente, se pueden producir complicaciones perinatales, transfusionales y/o transplantológicas. Se presenta el caso de una embarazada aloinmunizada derivada a nuestro servicio en la semana 12 de su tercera gesta para su evaluación y seguimiento. El diagnóstico inmunohematológico le asignó el excepcional fenotipo "p" (aproximadamente 1/200 000 individuos), asociado con una mayor tasa de abortos espontáneos y a reacciones transfusionales graves cuando se transfunden unidades incompatibles. El estudio del gen A4GALT demostró la presencia de la mutación c.752C > T en doble dosis. Esta mutación lleva a un cambio de una prolina por una leucina en el residuo 251 de la 4-α-galactosiltransferasa. Por parto inducido por sufrimiento fetal, nace a las 36 semanas una bebé con prueba de antiglobulina (Coombs) directa negativa, eluido reactivo, con ictericia que requirió luminoterapia. Una semana después el neonato fue externado sin secuelas aparentes. Posteriormente, a raíz de una cirugía inminente y la improbabilidad de encontrar sangre compatible, se elaboró un plan para cubrir las posibles demandas. Este caso pone en evidencia la necesidad de contar a nivel nacional con un laboratorio de referencia de inmunohematología y un banco de sangre de grupos raros, que permita resolver con celeridad situaciones que requieran transfundir a estos individuos.


A rare blood group is usually defined as the absence of a high prevalence antigen or the absence of several antigens within a single blood group system. These individuals may develop clinically significant red cell antibodies to the high incidence red cell antigens they lack. A 33-year-old alloimmunized woman was referred to our center at the 12th week of her third pregnancy for evaluation and follow up. The laboratory work-up grouped her as belonging to "p" phenotype, associated with difficulties to find compatible blood for transfusion and a high incidence of recurrent miscarriage. At 36 weeks, a baby girl was born by induced labor due to fetal suffering. With a negative direct antiglobulin test but a positive elution test, she was in the neonatology ward for one week receiving luminotherapy. Homozygosity for a missense mutation at position 752 (c.752C > T) in the A4GALT gene was found to be responsible for the p phenotype. This mutation changes a proline to a leucine at codon 251 of the 4-α-galactosyltransferase. Recently, due to an imminent chirurgical intervention and the impossibility to have compatible blood available for transfusion, an autologous donation plan was designed to satisfy probable demand. This case showed the need for blood bank facilities capable to respond satisfactorily to these situations in Argentina. This would facilitate the storage of cryopreserved blood from individuals with rare blood groups for homologous use or to develop rare blood donors programs.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Erythroblastosis, Fetal/blood , Galactosyltransferases/genetics , Mutation, Missense , P Blood-Group System/genetics , Phenotype , Base Sequence , Blood Transfusion , Glycosyltransferases/analysis
8.
Rev. biol. trop ; 57(3): 529-539, sep. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637890

ABSTRACT

Karyotype of the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus Lepisosteiformes: Lepisosteidae) and chromosomal variation in their larval and adults. The karyotype of the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus is described from conventional Giemsa-staining of 295 mitotic chromosome slides from 120 larvae and 15 adults (five females and ten males) from Tabasco, southern of Mexico. The diploid number 2n = 56 chromosomes was calculated (73 spreads from 206 larval and 208 adult metaphases). Variation on chromosome number was from 46 (4.4%) to 64 (3.9%) chromosome elements on larval samples, whereas 58 (11.7 %) chromosomes were the second most abundant after the diploid number of 2n = 56 (35%). Such variation was related with the presence of mobile microchromosomes. The karyotype was determined from six clear chromosome spreads photographed from three females and three males. The averaged karyotype was integrated by eight pairs of metacentric (m) chromosomes, four submetacentric (sm) pairs, eight telocentric (t) pairs and eight pairs of telocentric micro-chromosomes (*t). The fundamental number was FN = 80 chromosome arms. We saw no sexual differences on chromosome structure. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (3): 529-539. Epub 2009 September 30.


El cariotipo del pejelagarto Atractosteus tropicus se describe por medio de tinción Giemsa de 295 preparaciones cromosómicas en mitosis a partir de 120 larvas y 15 adultos (5 hembras y diez machos) de la población que habita en Tabasco, sureste de México. El número diploide 2n=56 cromosomas se dio en 281 dispersiones cromosómicas de un total de 445 muestras, de ellas 73 dispersiones provinieron de 206 metafases larvales, y 208 dispersiones de 239 metafases de adultos. Se observó variación en el número de cromosomas desde 46 hasta 64 elementos cromosómicos (larvas). Las metafases con 58 cromosomas fueron el segundo valor más abundante, después del número diploide 2n=56 (35%). En los adultos esa variación no fue relevante. Esta variación cromosómica se relaciona con microcromosomas móviles. El cariotipo se determinó de seis dispersiones cromosómicas bien definidas de tres hembras y tres machos; y el cariotipo promedio se integró de ocho pares de cromosomas metacéntricos (m), cuatro pares de cromosomas submetacéntricos (sm), ocho pares de telocéntricos (t), y ocho pares de microcromosomas telocéntricos (*t) El número fundamental observado en el cariotipo típico promedio fue NF = 80 brazos cromosómicos. No se detectaron diferencias sexuales.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Chromosomes/genetics , Fishes/genetics , Karyotyping , Larva , Mexico
9.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 37(1): 56-65, mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-636402

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La violencia sexual en Colombia se ha constituido en un verdadero problema de salud pública. Este tipo de violencia se ha asociado con múltiples factores de riesgo individuales, familiares y sociales y se ha relacionado con secuelas físicas y psicosociales a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Método: En este estudio de tipo descriptivo se evaluaron los factores relacionados con la presentación de trastornos mentales en 55 víctimas de violencia sexual que asistieron al Instituto de Salud de Bucaramanga. Resultados: Un 43,6% habían sido violentados en varias ocasiones, y el 66,7% de los perpetradores eran conocidos por la víctima. Como factores asociados se encontró que el 21,6% de las víctimas tenía antecedentes psiquiátricos y que en el 41% de ellos existían antecedentes psiquiátricos en algún miembro de la familia. El 60% de los casos tenía antecedentes de maltrato intrafamiliar, el 25% consideraba que las relaciones internas de sus familias eran conflictivas y el 60% pensaba que el barrio donde vivía era violento. El 87% presentaba algún tipo de alteración en el examen mental al ingreso y se pudo establecer un diagnóstico en el Eje I en el 72,7% de los casos. Conclusión: Los antecedentes de violencia familiar y enfermedad mental en la familia de las víctimas, así como vivir en comunidades violentas, son factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de la violencia sexual en nuestra población; además, los trastornos ansiosos, depresivos y comportamentales son las secuelas mentales más frecuentes en esta población...


Introduction: Sexual violence in Colombia has become a serious public health problem; this type of violence has been associated with multiple individual, familial and social risk factors and it has been related to physical and psychosocial sequelae in the short, medium and long term. Method: In this descriptive study, factors associated with mental disorders were evaluated in 55 sexual violence victims seen at the Institute of Health in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Results: 43.6% had been abused in several occasions and 66.7% of the victims knew the aggressor. As associated factors, 21.6% of the victims had a psychiatric history and in 41% some member of the family had a psychiatric history. 60% had a history of family abuse, 25% considered family relations to be conflictive and 60% stated that the neighborhood where they lived was violent. At the beginning of this study, 87% presented with some type of finding in the mental examination and it was possible to establish an Axis I diagnosis in 72.7% of the cases. Conclusions: A history of family violence and mental illness in the family’s victim as well living in violent communities are risk factors associated with sexual violence in our population. Anxiety, depressive and behavior disorders are the most frequent mental sequelae in this population...


Subject(s)
Sex Offenses , Violence , Risk Factors
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